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                           عمران:: 
                            تیر محیطی
                        
                        A common example is a spandrel beam supporting the edge of a monolithic
For the design of spandrel beams, designers often disregard torsion and rely on
For a member subjected to compatibility torsion (such as the spandrel beam shown in Figure
edge and comer columns both with or without spandrel beams.
spandrel beam
 
                        
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